Lung cancer treatment has been a new breakthrough a new milestone in the history of cancer

Lung cancer in China and the world's morbidity and mortality are the first
 
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data released in 2014, the global incidence of cancer from 14 million in 2012 rose sharply to 2032 20 million.
 
In terms of morbidity, lung cancer with 13% of the first place, breast cancer 11.9%, colorectal cancer 9.7%; in terms of mortality, lung cancer also 19.4% first, liver cancer 9.1%, gastric cancer 8.8%; BBC reported every year The number of deaths from lung cancer is as high as 1.6 million.
 
In China over the past 30 years, lung cancer mortality increased by 465%, the incidence rate increased by 26.9% per year, has replaced liver cancer as the first malignant tumor in China, of which non-small cell lung cancer accounted for 85% of all lung cancer.
 
Treatment of lung cancer continues to progress - surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy
 
Whether it is now on the other side of the ocean ASCO2015, or Beijing, China from now on the implementation of the "strongest smoking ban", so that ordinary people will focus on the "lung cancer" death killer.
 
At present, the main treatment of lung cancer are surgical, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, targeted therapy, interventional therapy, biological immunotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine treatment, etc .; in addition every year there will be more new clinical data new evidence of new progress, including minimally invasive surgery , Chemotherapy drugs, targeted therapy, radiation therapy and so on.
 
Surgery: the main way of treating cancer in the 19th century
 
In ancient times, there will be a description of the cancer, called the tumor, tumor, so the direct removal is the easiest way to think of cure. But until the 19th century, anesthesia, sterile technology ... ... and so gradually mature, surgery has become the main way to treat cancer.
 
Until today, if the early diagnosis, surgical resection of the primary lesion is still an effective method. However, not all patients have surgical opportunities, because more than 50% of non-small cell carcinoma patients in the diagnosis, is already advanced lung cancer, there is multiple systemic metastasis, then has completely missed the timing of surgical treatment.
 
According to the International Union Against Cancer statistics, less than 40% of patients currently have the opportunity and conditions for surgical treatment, more than 60% of lung cancer patients due to late conditions or physical conditions have to find another way out. This reality forced us to have another way to seek alternative treatment.
 
Radiotherapy: positioning tissue accurate dose control is not allowed to side effects
 
Radiotherapy is a local treatment with radiation to kill tumor cells, most of the exact effect, can significantly consolidate the efficacy of chemotherapy or surgery to extend the survival of patients with lung cancer. Compared to chemotherapy, radiotherapy accurate positioning, normal tissue damage. The radiation to the site will have some side effects. Generally within 2 cm range, there will be fatigue, loss of appetite and other minor side effects do not need to deal with; in the late, the proliferation of cancer in the larger range of patients, radiation dose is high, it will produce like "earthquake" Side effects, according to different parts may produce hair loss, skin erythema, itching, scaling, mucosal ulcers, affecting eating, nausea, vomiting and so on.
 
However, local treatment is also limited, because the irradiation range is small, can not guarantee the integrity of the irradiation area. So radiotherapy often with surgery, chemotherapy with the implementation of this comprehensive treatment program, the need for doctors to accurately assess the patient's condition can be effective.
 
Chemotherapy: Targeted therapy is a combination of multiple therapies
 
A single method of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is like "blindfolded", low hit rate. Advances in chemotherapy include targeted therapy, the emergence of targeted drugs, which greatly improves the accuracy and effectiveness of treatment. The premise of targeted therapy is to find the right target, once clear the molecular target of cancer, the human cancer cells as if with a marked target, more easily found by a sniper, shot dead.
 
Minimally invasive areas of precision radiotherapy combined with a new generation of chemical drugs minimally invasive surgery with the minimally invasive technique, the use of molecular targeted drugs and physical targeting therapy combined with elderly patients with early lung cancer have a better clinical Benefit.
 
In the treatment of lung cancer, the action mechanism of docetaxel, which is the main component of taxane compounds, is to strengthen the polymerization of tubulin and to inhibit the depolymerization of microtubules, resulting in the formation of stable nonfunctional microtubules , Thus destroying tumor cell mitosis.
 
Immunotherapy: will become the mainstream anti-cancer therapy
 
Although radiotherapy, surgery, chemical therapy and targeted therapy is still the most important means of lung cancer treatment, but the specific treatment should be based on the patient's tumor staging and physical fitness, the treatment effect can not be generalized, mainly depends on the patient's body Quality, and tolerance to treatment.
 
In October 2014, the PM-1 immunoprecipity inhibitor (anti-PD-1 drug) Opdivo (Nivolumab) was recently tested for other indications after being approved for the treatment of melanoma.
 
Earlier this year, a 3-phase trial of Opdivo (Nivolumab): comparing patients with stage IV squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with chemotherapy with docetaxel, The match proved to have an excellent overall survival period and was discontinued before reaching the end of the test.
 
At a recent ASCO meeting in Chicago, Bristol-Myers Squibb published detailed data on Opdivo (Nivolumab): a clinical trial of 582 patients and the use of other standardized therapies for patients with stage IV lung cancer 9. After 4 months of immunization with Nivolumab, the average survival time of the patients was 12.2 months, and even the highest survival time was 19.4 months, nearly 2 times that of conventional standardized therapy.
 
The study, led by Dr. Luis Paz-Ares of the Doce de Octubre Hospital in Madrid, Spain, said the study was a milestone in finding new treatments for lung cancer, using immunotherapy for higher survival after chemotherapy was ineffective The doctors were also surprised.
 
The British Cancer Research Institute believes that the study of the immune system will be an important part of the new cancer therapy, but on which part of the cancer immunotherapy patients useful, and immunotherapy drugs on the body's immune modification mechanism is still not clear, and the development The cost of cancer immunotherapy is high, so that the National Healthcare System is still challenging to promote immunotherapy to the nation. It is also advisable to maximize immunity and improve physical fitness before treatment, and to enhance the body's tolerance to treatment Sex to ensure the effect of treatment.
 
ASCO latest concept: combined with the data of the whole new adjuvant therapy
 
Peter Paul Yu, chairman of ASCO 2014-2015, said that this is the beginning of ASCO's second 50 years, need to think about what is cancer, the next 10 years, 20 years, 30 years of cancer treatment is the direction of development?
 
If 2014 is a major breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy, 2015 will be the year of immunotherapy to the harvest, becoming the mainstream anti-cancer therapy.
 
According to the IMS Medical Information Institute, there are 374 advanced trials in the global antitumor field, of which 25-30% are immunotherapy. At present, the fastest progress of immunotherapy is immune card (such as PD-1, PD-L1) inhibitor, mainly for the treatment of solid tumors, and adoptive T cell therapy (including CAR-T and TCR) mainly the treatment of blood tumors.
 
The most advanced technology is not necessarily the most suitable for patients with technology; human and lung cancer fight the road is very long, go very difficult, said a short time to completely destroy it, obviously too arrogant. However, according to the concept of ASCO delivery, combined with the data of the whole new adjuvant therapy or in a limited time, so that patients get more opportunities to extend life.